Most of the larger cities in the world have grown without plans and 　1　. London is such a city. Its streets zigzag, snake and circle. There is no reason or order to its 　2　system. Indeed, no one but a veteran taxi driver knows the 　3　of London. And before he gets his cabby's license, he must first tour the city for months, street 　4　street. New York and Chicago grew in 　5　the same way. Today in New York, even a native-born Manhattanite 　6　of finding his way around Brooklyn.
　　There are a few modern cities, 　7　, that were created out of nothing. They were built strictly by the book, according to detailed plans. The prime example of a city planned and built 　8　scratches in the twentieth century is Brasilia, the new capital of Brazil.
　　Brasilia was the brain child of Brazil's President Juscelino Kubitschek, who, like other Brazilian leaders, was concerned 　9　most of Brazil's people were crammed into its sea-coast cities. Rio de Janeiro, then the nation's capital and its second largest city, occupies a 　10　beautiful site on the Atlantic coast. Sao Paulo, Brazil's largest city, is very near the coast. Consequently, this meant that riches in timber, minerals and hydroelectric power sources in the 　11　of the country were untapped. Recognizing that drastic action was needed to build a new capital city, he chose a site that was right in the middle of the 　12　, on land that had never been plowed.
　　Its public buildings, monuments, and 　13　apartment complexes were magnificently modern. Every feature seemed logical, reasonable and right, but for more than a decade, Brasilia seemed all wrong to the people brought there to live and work in government offices. While it was
　14　a beautiful city, it was not yet a community. For it is people and their history of habitation that turn a city from a 　15　of streets and buildings into a community. It is people who give a city life and character and personality. Brasilia didn't have those qualities for a long time.
　　But now, happily, its residents no longer feel they need to rush back to Rio or Sao Paulo 　16　every opportunity. Instead, they visit, picnic and enjoy one another's company. Brasilia is beginning to 　17　like home to them.
　　Hoboken, and old 　18　town just across the Hudson River from New York city, is an urban planner's nightmare. It has row 　19　row of old dingy brick buildings, and grass and trees are few and far 　20　.